Hyperpigmentation Demystified: Why Those Dark Spots Appear and How to Treat Them

Dark spots, uneven tone, and discolouration are some of the most common skin concerns we see at Opalesce Skin Clinic - and for good reason. Hyperpigmentation can affect anyone, regardless of age or skin type, and its causes can be complex, often tied to both internal and external factors.

Understanding what triggers hyperpigmentation is the first step to treating it effectively. And while many over-the-counter products promise quick fixes, a long-lasting, even-toned complexion requires targeted, professional care. In this blog, we explore the biology of hyperpigmentation, what causes those dark patches to appear, and how we approach treatment scientifically and safely.

What is Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation is the term used to describe areas of skin that become darker than the surrounding skin. It occurs when the skin produces excess melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. While this process is natural (and protective in cases like tanning), it becomes problematic when melanin production becomes uneven or overactive in specific areas.

These patches can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the face, neck, chest, and hands - areas most frequently exposed to the sun.

The Most Common Types of Hyperpigmentation

There are several different forms of hyperpigmentation, each with its own cause and characteristics. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) occurs after the skin experiences trauma or inflammation, such as acne, eczema, or a cut. Melasma is a hormonally driven condition, often appearing as symmetrical patches on the cheeks or upper lip, and is commonly triggered by pregnancy or the contraceptive pill. Solar lentigines, or sun spots, develop from cumulative sun exposure and become more common with age.

Regardless of the type, each form of hyperpigmentation shares one key similarity: they’re deeply rooted in the skin’s pigment system and require more than surface-level solutions.

What Causes Hyperpigmentation?

Sun exposure is the most significant contributor to hyperpigmentation. UV rays stimulate melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, leading to increased pigment in exposed areas. Without consistent sun protection, existing pigmentation can worsen, and new patches can develop.

Hormonal changes also play a large role, especially in melasma. Fluctuations in oestrogen and progesterone can trigger increased pigment production, particularly in women during pregnancy, when taking hormonal contraception, or during menopause.

Other contributing factors include inflammation, certain medications, and even the use of overly aggressive skincare products. Because so many variables can influence pigmentation, a thorough skin assessment is critical before starting any treatment. This is why every journey at Opalesce begins with a tailored consultation to ensure your treatment plan is as individual as your skin.

Treating Hyperpigmentation: Why One Size Doesn’t Fit All

Treating hyperpigmentation requires more than applying a brightening serum or using a strong exfoliant. In fact, the wrong approach can sometimes make things worse, triggering inflammation or increasing sensitivity. That’s why at Opalesce Skin Clinic, we adopt a targeted, scientific approach that addresses the root cause and supports the skin’s natural healing processes.

Professional treatments such as chemical peels can help accelerate cell turnover and reduce visible pigmentation. These are carefully selected based on your skin type and the depth of the pigmentation, ensuring both safety and efficacy.

Microneedling with radiofrequency can also be an excellent tool for treating uneven tone, especially when hyperpigmentation is coupled with textural concerns or acne scarring. This treatment helps to stimulate collagen, encourage healthy skin regeneration, and gradually reduce pigmentation in the deeper layers of the skin.

For many clients, a bespoke combination of in-clinic treatments and medical-grade skincare is the most effective route. We offer advanced formulas containing ingredients like azelaic acid, retinoids, kojic acid, and vitamin C - all clinically proven to regulate melanin production and fade pigmentation safely over time.

To see the full range of skin concerns we treat, including pigmentation, visit our Skin Concerns page.

The Role of Sun Protection in Prevention and Maintenance

No hyperpigmentation treatment plan is complete without strict sun protection. Daily application of a high-quality, broad-spectrum SPF is crucial, not only to prevent further pigmentation but also to maintain your results post-treatment.

Even on cloudy days or when indoors, UV and blue light exposure can trigger pigment production. We educate all our clients on the importance of protecting their investment in their skin by building habits that support long-term results.

Why Professional Guidance Makes All the Difference

The most effective way to treat hyperpigmentation is through personalised care. At Opalesce, we don’t believe in one-size-fits-all protocols. Instead, we use in-depth clinical analysis and years of experience to design strategies that work with your skin, not against it.

From identifying the type and depth of pigmentation to selecting the right combination of ingredients and treatments, our approach ensures both safety and success. Learn more about our ethos and team on our About page.

Ready to Even Out Your Skin Tone?

If you’ve been battling dark spots, uneven tone, or persistent pigmentation with little success, it might be time to take a more strategic approach. At Opalesce Skin Clinic, we’re here to help you reclaim smooth, even, glowing skin - using science-backed treatments and personalised care.

Take the first step by booking your consultation online. Together, we’ll demystify your pigmentation and create a plan that brings your skin back to balance.